The+Nervous+System

The Nervous System By: Jorge Rojas The nervous system is made up of two parts, the Central Nervous System (CNS) which consists up of the brain and the spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) which consists upon a group of sensory nerves that connect with the CNS. The CNS not only has the two parts I mentioned above it also contains the medulla which is a very important organ. The CNS which is the master of the system has two parts, the brain and the spinal cord. The brain has two parts one is the cerebrum, which is the front part of the brain and it is used for all our human thinking like likes, work, sport, and invention to name a few; The cerebellum is the back part and it is our part of the brain that is constantly reminding us what should we do, and eat, it also has other functions such as animal instincts but all of these advises and senses are ignored by the bigger part of our brain which is also the most powerful so you can see how it kind of goes in the first part of the CNS. The spinal cord is only one and it is like the RNA and the DNA, the RNA being the spinal cord and the DNA being the brain, the spinal cord is like the brain’s messenger to the rest of the body it works vice-versa. The PNS is made up of neurons that connect with each other electrically by little branches called dendrites receiving messages by the brain by the use of the spinal cord. The neuron is just like a typical cell it is just that it contains a different form it has lots of little branches called the Dendrites and they work electrically transmitting messages to one and other; the neuron also has a big branch called the axon which is used as the main message transmitter in the neuron. Axons also have little gaps in between them and the dendrites so that is why messages are transmitted electrically to the other neurons. This system is the control of the body and it is a very fascinating one I would like to study it more in the future. Links: 1.http://library.thinkquest.org/5777/ner1.htm 2.http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-the-Nervous-System.aspx 3. http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html Pictures: Videos: media type="youtube" key="tqvJZ1STLos" height="315" width="560"media type="youtube" key="xysT9JD7i0w" height="314" width="560"media type="youtube" key="kXToeT2pQYw" height="315" width="560"

Paralysis media type="custom" key="19015024" = = = = = By: David Yonker = = Paralysis is a complete loss of function of the muscles in one`s body. This is usually caused by the damage to the person`s body parts such as the spinal cords, the most common ways to get paralysis is a stroke or a trauma in an area. Sometimes paralysis likes to only affect one side of the body and that can even leave a non-aging side of the face to the inflicted patient. The spinal cord is a vital organ for the nervous system and therefore an injury to that area will probably paralyze the person. Paralysis can last for a few minutes to years and when that person has been “asleep” for so long it is said that they are in vegetable state. According to a study by a neurologist in Arizona State, about one in fifty people has reported paralysis or pseudo paralysis which is restriction by the same person for various personal reasons in their whole lives in the United States of America. There are several types of paralysis ranging from many different causes and these are their names but they all involve the spinal cord and what happened to them; spinal cord injuries is when the nerve cells on the spine cannot transport information from different parts of the body travelling through there to the brain, these are the names of the other types of paralysis Quadriplegia, Tetraplegia, Paraplegia, Cauda Equina Syndrome, Level of Spinal Cord Injury, Anterior Cord Syndrome, Central Cord Syndrome, Posterior Cord Syndrome, and the Brown Sequard Syndrome. Some interesting statistics about this disability are that 29% of all paralysis is caused by strokes, 23% from spinal cord injuries, 17% from multiple sclerosis, and another 31% from other minor causes such as post-polio effects and birth defects. Many people think that this is always caused by an injury but truly almost one in three is caused by natural reasons that even helmets cannot keep you safe from. I thought that this was a very interesting topic to research and I hope to learn more about the nervous system and its diseases or disabilities in the future = = = = = = = = =

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= = =parkinson= =alvaro jaramillo= = = = = =There is a substance called dopamine which acts as a messenger between two brain areas (the subsantia nigra and the corpus striatum). This substance is used to make smooth, controlled movements. The disease is caused when there is a loss of dopamine-producing cells. In this case, communication between the substantina nigra and the corpus striatum becomes defective causing movement tobecome impaired. The disease becomes worst depending on the amount of dopamine. This disease is characterized by peogressive loss of muscle control. This leads to trembling of the hands, head and limbs. It also causes bad balance, stiffness, and slowness when moving. As the disease gets worst, it may be difficult to talk, walk, and complete simple tasks.= =Who is has maybe has it= =Some factors that influence one´s risk of getting this disease are= =MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS= =MS Is when a message transmitted does not get to the brain like it should get there by affecting the myelin sheath= =Most common symptoms of MS= =Over 2 million people in the world have MS, this is a disease that progressively gets worst with the time something that is weird about MS is that the symptoms that appear are mild and a person with MS is expected to live as long as a person without MS .= =This horrible disease is usually diagnosed at the ages of 20 and 50. (This is a disease that is more common in women than men). The weird thing is that the causes of MS are still unknown. The process if diagnosing MS is really hard because there is no MS specific test. The way doctors diagnose this disease is not by finding this disease but by testing other and diseases so the process is once they have eliminated every other possibility then it is MS.=
 * =Men (they are affected aout 1.5 or 2 times more than women)=
 * =People whohave suffered from head trauma, illness, or are exposed to enviromental toxins=
 * =Family history of the disease=
 * 1) =1. Vision problems=
 * 2) =2. Fatigue and weakness=
 * 3) =3. Difficulty with walking balance and or coordination=
 * 4) =4. And memory problems=

By Daniel Diaz


 * Alzheimer Disease**

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in western civilization. It affects more women than men, and the clinical course generally lasts approximately five years. The younger the individual is at the onset of the disease, the more severe the deficits for the patient. One famous contemporary who suffers from the disease is former U.S. President Ronald Reagan. The cerebral cortex and some other forebrain regions atrophy so severely that the brain may weigh less than 1000g at death. Shrinkage is most pronounced in the frontal and temporal lobes. The insula and the medial part of the temporal lobe tend to demonstrate the highest number of neuritic plaques. The greater the number of plaques the higher the degree of dementia. The disease often causes vacuolization of the subpial layers of the temporal and parietal lobes. The spongy state is associated with neuronal loss and is similar to the effects of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Researchers continue to search for causes and cures for AD. The gene that codes for the B-amyloid protein located on chromosome 21 is implicated in the 20% of patients for whom there is a family history of AD. Head injury has been implicated in 3 to 5 % of AD cases. There is a 70 to 90% decrease in the production of the enzyme that makes acetylcholine. Other neurotransmitter abnormalities have also been implicated. People with Alzheimer’s disease progressively lose the ability to care for themselves. This makes them more susceptible to accidents and health problems.


 * ** Pneumonia ** - this becomes a significant risk when patients start losing their ability to swallow properly. Food and drink often go down the wrong way - down the air passages into the lungs, rather than into the digestive system. If food or drink gets into the lung there is a risk of pneumonia.


 * ** Urinary tract infection ** - when the patient becomes incontinent it may be necessary to place a urinary catheter. This increases the risk of __urinary tract infections__ . Urinary tract infections can become very serious and life threatening.


 * ** Injuries ** - disorientation and wandering are common symptoms of Alzheimer's. Patients are much more likely to fall and __fracture__ a bone or sustain a head injury. The risk is greater if they have sleeping problems and get up in the night and wander about while others are asleep.

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